When I was young the season of Lent had a slightly different
structure than it does now. If one pruses a missal from back then, one notices
that there are only four Sundays of Lent, followed by Passion Sunday, followed
by Palm Sunday. In a current missal you will typically see that Palm Sunday is
now labeled “Passion (Palm) Sunday”.
Why is this?
According to Dom Gueranger in The Liturgical Year, “This
Sunday is called Passion Sunday, because the Church begins, on this
day, to make the sufferings of our Redeemer her chief thought”. Traditionally,
all statues and crucifixes were veiled at the Vespers for Passion Sunday. The
Introit, Gradual and Tract all are petitions to save the just from the
persecution of the unjust and the Tract even foreshadows the scourging:
Introit: “Judge me, O God,
and distinguish my cause from the nation that is not holy: deliver me from the
unjust and deceitful man: for thou art my God and my strength...”
Gradual: “Deliver
me, O Lord, from my enemies; teach me to do thy will. Thou, O Lord, art my
deliverer from the enraged Gentiles: thou wilt put me out of the reach of those
that assault me; and thou wilt rescue me from the unrighteous man.”
Tract: “Many
a time have they fought against me from my youth. Let Israel now say: They have
often attacked me from my youth. But they could not prevail over me: the wicked
have wrought upon my back. They have lengthened their iniquity: the Lord who is
just, will cut the necks of sinners.”
The Epistle is from Heb 9, 11-15 and is St. Paul's explanation of
Christ as both the High Priest and the perfect victim who was sacrificed for
our salvation.
The Gospel is from John 8: 46-59 and is the condemnation of the
Jews by Christ in the temple. He tells them that they do not know God and that
before Abraham was I AM. They try to stone him but he slips away.
The Communion Antiphon is the final Passion foreshadowing of the
Mass. The verse is the words Christ used to institute the Eucharist at the Last
Supper: “'This is my body, which shall be given up for you: this is the cup of
the new covenant in my blood,' says the Lord, 'do this as often as you receive
it, in remembrance of me.'”
Passion Sunday was also known as “Judica Sunday” in reference to
the Introit “Judica me, Deus, et discerne causam meam de gente non sancta...”,
similar to Laetare and Gaudete Sundays being named after the first word of the
Introit for those days.
So why was this Sunday eliminated from the liturgical year?
According to Cardinal Bugnini in his Reform of the Liturgy,
“Also suppressed as a title is 'Passiontide.' The whole of it now becomes, even
externally, a part of Lent...The readings and prayers used in antiquity on the
third, fourth, and fifth Sundays have been restored (the Sundays of 'the
Samaritan,' 'the Man Born Blind,' and 'Lazarus'). The final two weeks are
dominated by preparation for the celebration of the passion.”
And so, on March 21, 1969, the Sacred Congregation of Rites
published the General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar which
stated that “The Sundays of this season are called the First, Second, Third,
Fourth, and Fifth Sundays of Lent. The Sixth Sunday, which marks the beginning
of Holy Week, is called Passion Sunday (Palm Sunday).”
In spite of the suppression of Passion Sunday, the tradition still
echoes in the new rite. It is still permitted to veil the statues and
crucifixes at vespers before the fifth Sunday of Lent if your parish wants to
do it before Holy Thursday. You can also still hear, if your parish uses the
propers of the season, Psalm 42, 1-2 as the Introit on this day. “Judge me, O
God, and distinguish my cause from the nation that is not holy: deliver me from
the unjust and deceitful man: for thou art my God and my strength...”
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